Appropriateness of size considerations are vital to bird house success. First to attract the right birds and distract the wrong ones. Next to ensure that the parents and nestlings are safe from predators. And finally correct temperature and ventilation.

How elaborate you make your bird house depends on your personal sense of aesthetics. For the most part, all the birds care about is their safety and the right dimensions: box height, depth and floor, diameter of entrance hole, and height of hole above the box floor.

Nesting Box Dimensions

Minimize the Chance of Predator Access

Proper box depth, roof, and entrance hole design will help minimize predator (raccoons, cats, opossums, and red squirrels) access. Sometimes all it takes is an angled roof with a three-inch overhang to discourage mammals.

The entrance hole is the only thing between a predator and a bird house full of nestlings. By itself, the 3/4″ wall isn’t wide enough to keep out the arm of a raccoon or house cat.

Add a predator guard a 3/4 inch thick rectangular wood block, to thicken the wall, and you’ll discourage sparrows, starlings, and cats.

Refer to the above chart, keeping in mind that birds make their own choices, without regard for charts. So don’t be surprised when you find tenants you never expected in a house you intended for someone else.

Ventilation, Temperature and Drainage

Now that you have the correct dimensions for your bird house, take a look at how to make it safe: ventilation, drainage, susceptibly to predators, and ease of maintenance.

Without air vents, boxes can turn into bird ovens. There are two ways to provide ventilation: leave gaps between the roof and sides of the box, or drill 1/4″ holes just below the roof.

Water becomes a problem when it sits in the bottom of a bird house. A roof with sufficient slope and overhang offers some protection. Drilling the entrance hole on an upward slant may also help keep the water out.

Regardless of design, driving rain will get in through the entrance hole. You can assure proper drainage by cutting away the corners of the box floor and by drilling 1/4 inch holes in the box floor. Nest boxes will last longer if the floors are recessed about 1/4 of an inch.

Entrance Hole Sizes

Look for the entrance hole (and exit) hole on the front panel near the top. A rough surface both inside and out makes it easier for the adults to get into the box and, when it’s time, for the nestlings to climb out.

If your box is made of finished wood, add a couple of grooves outside below the hole. Open the front panel and add grooves, cleats, or wire mesh to the inside.

Never put up a bird house with a perch below the entrance hole. Perches offer starlings, house sparrows, and other predators a convenient place to wait for lunch.

Don’t be tempted by those beautiful duplexes or houses that have more than one entrance hole. With the exception of purple martins, cavity-nesting birds prefer not to share a house. While these condos look great in your yard, starlings and house sparrows are the only birds inclined to use them.

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Part of being a responsible bird house landlord is your willingness to look after your wild tenants. If you monitor your bird houses every week and evict unwanted creatures such as house sparrows, starlings, rodents, snakes, and insects, you’ll have much more success in the long run.

For your own safety, please be careful when you inspect those wild bird houses. You may find something other than a bird inside! Don’t be surprised to see squirrels, a mouse, a snake, or a nest of bees or wasps. As for insects, inspect the house for fleas, mites, larvae, and lice on the bottom panel.

If you find insects or parasites try to temper your first reaction to grab the nearest can of insect spray. If you use insect spray use only insecticides known to be safe around birds. An easy check is the label on the can; 1% rotenone powder or pyrethrin spray are known to be safe for wild birds. If wasps persist over time it will help to coat the inside top of the box with bar soap.

Here’s how to check your nesting boxes or bird houses:

Watch the nest for awhile. If you don’t see or hear any birds, go over and tap on the box. If you hear bird sounds, open the top and take a quick peek inside. If everything’s okay, close the box. If you see problems (parasites or predators), remove them and close the box.

This is one time when a bird house with easy access comes in handy! Most bird houses can be opened from the top, the side, the front, or the bottom. Boxes that open from the top and the front provide the easiest access. Opening the box from the top is less likely to disturb nesting birds. On the other hand, it’s absolutely impossible to open a box from the bottom without the nest falling out. Side and front opening boxes are convenient for cleaning and monitoring but they have one major drawback: the nestlings may jump out.

If this happens, don’t panic. Just pick them up and put them back in the nest. Don’t worry that the adults will reject the nestlings if you handle them. That’s an urban legend, old wive’s tale or myth. Most birds have a terrible sense of smell.

If you clean out your nesting box after each brood has fledged, several pairs may use the nest throughout the summer. Many cavity nesting birds will not nest again in a box full of old nesting however so a good cleaning says “We’re open for business!”

In the fall, after you’ve cleaned out your houses for the last time, you can put them in storage or leave them out. Gourds and pottery nests will last longer if you take them in for the winter. You can leave your purple martin houses up, but be sure to plug the entrance holes to discourage starlings and house sparrows habitating the bird house before the martins return.

Leaving your wood and concrete houses out provides shelter for birds during the harsh months as well as flying squirrels.

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These ‘guests’ fall into two categories – those interested in the seeds (squirrels and chipmunks, rats and mice, starlings and house sparrows), and those interested in a bird for dinner (cats and hawks).

If you have trees, you will get to know squirrels. You may marvel at their antics, until they take over your bird feeders. Then you’ll either love them or hate them.

Those who love squirrels tolerate their visits, and may even encourage them with special squirrel toys and feeders.

But when a squirrel is at the feeder, you’re not likely to see birds. Squirrels will scare off the birds while they eat the seed, and sooner or later, they’ll eat the feeder too.

The simplest solution is the squirrel-proof feeder or pole, and storing your seed in a metal garbage can.

Chipmunks, rats and mice can also become a problem where there’s seed spillage under the feeder. Don’t use mixed bird seed (far too much waste), and if you don’t have a squirrel problem, add a feeder tray to catch fall out before it hits the ground.

Crows, house sparrows and starlings can also be trouble guests. The troubles with these birds can be eliminated by seed and feeder selection.

Cats are another story altogether. Feral (wild) cats and your neighbor’s pet tabby are a serious threat to nestlings, fledglings and roosting birds. Far too often, the presence of just one cat on the prowl near your feeder can take the enjoyment out of your backyard bird watching experience.

When a cat sits drooling under your feeder, you’re not likely to see any birds and you’ll be horrified to find a pile of feathers on the ground one day when you know ‘that cat’ has been by.

If your neighbor is reasonable, suggest a bell collar. If that doesn’t work, consider getting yourself a pet — a dog! Birds don’t seem to be bothered by most dogs, but cats and squirrels are and they’ll high tail it off your property!

If there are no cats in your neighborhood and you find a pile of feathers near your feeder, look for a hungry hawk perching on a tree nearby and circling regularly. Try not to get upset if you do see one, Cooper’s and sharp-shinned hawks eat birds and play an important role in the natural circle of life.

Whatever you do, don’t put out poisons, or traps for birds of prey! These birds (as most) are protected by Federal law.

Filed in: Bird Feeders, Wild Bird Feeders

Nesting materials can also be hung in a wire cage. These cages are especially popular in the spring when birds will come and choose those that are suitable for them. Try thin strips of clothing or rags, small twigs, wool, and even feathers.

There are more than two dozen birds in the USA and Canada that are happy to nest in bird houses. The most important measurement in any nesting box and the birds it attracts is the diameter of the entrance hole. An inch and a half is small enough to deter starlings. Starlings and house sparrows have been known to kill many baby birds as well as adults sitting on the nest.

Nesting birds have problems with other predators as well. The easiest way to discourage predatory cats, snakes, raccoons, and chipmunks is to mount the nesting box on a metal pole, or pick up a metal predator guard for wood post mounts.

Here are a few of the most common, and preferred, wild birds that you can help in your neighborhood:

Bluebirds – If you put up a bluebird house near an open field, orchard, park, cemetery, or golf course, you’ll have a very good chance of attracting a pair of nesting bluebirds. These beautiful and beneficial birds prefer nest boxes on a tree stump or wooden fence post, elevated to between three and five feet high. Bluebirds will also nest in the old nesting holes of woodpeckers so if a dead or dying tree isn’t posing any troubles and you see a woodpecker hole in the trunk you might like to leave it standing – at least until autumn.

Robins – Robins are our largest birds of the thrush family. They prefer to build their nest in the crotch of a tree or a nesting platform. These birds like to nest six feet or higher up in a shaded area. We get them under the overhang of our hay shed and front porch. Creating “mud puddles” nearby assists robins in the spring, as they use mud to line their nests.

Chickadees, Nuthatches, and Titmice These smaller birds share the same food, feeders, and habitats. If you put a properly designed nest box in a wooded yard, at least one pair is sure to check it out and one may stay to grace you with babies that return year after year! Chickadee nesting boxes are perfect at 6′ elevation. Nuthatches can be between 5-6′ elevation. You can hang them from limbs or secure them to tree trunks. The entrance hole should be 1-1/8″ to attract chickadees yet exclude house sparrows. Encourage these birds to stay in your yard by continuing to fill your suet and peanut feeders through the summer and keep a bird bath or dripper going at all times for them.

Brown Creepers and Prothonotary Warblers – Brown creepers generally like to nest behind the curved bark of tree trunks. If your yard or garden is heavily wooded, slab bark houses will appeal to creepers. Prothonotary warblers also prefer slab bark houses, but they will only nest in boxes positioned over water.

Wrens – Wrens don’t seem to be very picky about where they nest and are a beautiful wild bird to watch rear their young. Try nest boxes with a 1″ x 2″ horizontal slot (larger for the Carolina wren) instead of the standard circle shape entrance as these rectangular openings are easier for the wrens to use. Wrens are notorious for filling up any conceivable nest cavity with twigs, regardless of whether they end up using the nest or not. Since male house wrens build several nests for the female to choose from, hang several nest boxes at eye level on partly sunlit tree limbs. Wrens have always been one of my personal favorites because they are not ‘put off’ by humans being near their homes so they can be poisitioned quite close to the house and are perfect for smaller lots.

Tree and Violet-green Swallows – Beautiful white-bellied birds with iridescent blue-green backs and wing, are a joy to have nearby. They’re also beneficial as they are insect eaters. Tree swallows prefer nest boxes attached to dead trees. Space the boxes seven feet apart, the ideal setting is on the edge of a field near a lake, pond, or river. The gorgeous violet-green swallows from the west, nest in forested mountains. Nesting boxes placed on large trees in a semi-open woodland attracts them.

Barn Swallows and Phoebes – Barn swallows and phoebes are another easy and beneficial bird to attract. It’s their nesting behavior, not their plumage or song, that you’ll fall in love with over and over again. These birds tend to nest where you’d rather not have them: on a ledge right over your front door or at the far entrance to the barn. To avoid a mess by your door, offer the birds a nesting shelf nearby where it’s more convenient and you may get lucky if they prefer it. These birds are not bothered by human activity nearby.

Purple Martins – Many people want martins because, it’s been said, each bird can eat 2,000 mosquitoes a day. While it’s true that Purple Martins eat flying insects, don’t expect purple martins to wipe out your mosquito population. Martins actually prefer dragonflies, which are far more benefical for mosquito control as they prey on mosquito larvae. Don’t cross martins off your list because they don’t live up to their mosquito killing reputation though, these gregarious wild birds from the swallow family put on quite a show for human observers! Martins prefer to nest on the edge of a pond or river, surrounded by a field or lawn. As they nest in groups, the houses you may purchase for a colony are often the most elaborate. Look for a house with a minimum of four large rooms, 6 or more inches on all sides, with a 2 1/2″ entrance hole. You might also like to check out bird house gourds as purple martins seem to prefer these.

Flycatchers – The Great Crested Flycatcher and its western cousin, the Ash-Throated Flycatcher, are common in wooded suburbs. Their natural nesting sites are abandoned woodpecker holes (see note on dead or dying trees above). Flycatchers may nest in a bird house if it’s elevated about ten feet up, in a tree in an orchard, or at the edge of a field or stream.

Woodpeckers – Beautiful and funny wild birds that are easily attracted with suet feeders. However, only the flicker and the red-bellied woodpeckers are likely to use a nesting box to rear their young. These birds prefer a box with roughened interior and a floor covered with a two-inch layer of wood chips or coarse sawdust. Flickers are especially attracted to nest boxes filled with sawdust, which they “excavate” to suit themselves. For best results, place the box in direct sunlight.

Owls – Owls seldom build their own nests. The Great horned Owl and the Long-Eared Owls prefer abandoned crow and hawk nests. Other owls (barred, barn, saw-whet, boreal and screech) will nest in tree cavities and bird houses though. Barn owls are best known for selecting nesting sites near farms. Where trees are sparse, these birds will nest in church steeples, silos, and hay mows. If you live near a farm or a golf course, try fastening a nest box about 15 feet up on a tree trunk to see if you can attract them onto your property (they’re great to keep the rodent population down!). Screech owls prefer abandoned woodpecker holes at the edge of a field or neglected orchard. They will readily take to a nesting box if you line it with an inch or two of wood shavings. If you clean the box out in late spring after the young owls have fledged, you may attract a second tenant–a kestrel. Trees isolated from larger tracts of woods have less chance of squirrels taking over, and often ruining the nesting box.

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First up, The Nuttery! (featured above left) Squirrel resistant and dishwasher safe. A great name and classic styling but it seems a little over-priced when compared to some other squirrel ‘proof’ feeders I’ve used in the past. If you’re interested, check it out here. And, if you have this product, please let me know how you feel about it!

Check out all the squirrel proof feeders currently on sale – starting at $5.99!

The real star – in my opinion – is a few dollars more, but is squirrel proof. You see it above on the right. Not only is it squirrel proof, but it is absolutely beautifully designed! This tube feeder features heavy-duty construction in either stainless steel or copper. It is virtually indestructible by squirrels and can hold a total of 10 pounds of seed which makes it great for those hard to reach hanging places or to continue feeding the birds while you’re on a winter holiday. Twelve feeding stations in all with one independent thistle and two seperate sunflower tubes. As well as mixed seed. The built-in funnel and a quick release seed tray allows for fast and easy filling and clean-up. My favorite, the copper finish, is shown above. Click here to see the stainless version or to order online.

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Search by: squirrels, feeding the birds

The first, double-purpose tubular squirrel-proof feeder (above left) handles both seed and suet feeding. At 20 3/4″ tall, the 10 1/2″ diameter cage keeps squirrels and large birds away from the seed. The feeder has 4 seed ports and 2 suet cake holders. Song birds love the cage, which they pass through easily and also use for perching. This squirrel-proof feeder arrives at your door fully assembled and ready to hang. Includes the “Squirrel-Lock” seed protection which keeps seed out of squirrels’ reach so less is wasted. Seed is also protected from weather and snow build-up by the domed roof. A durable all-metal construction provides a long life for this top of the line feeder. Order yours today!

The Globe Squirrel-resistant feeder (above right) provides a safe feeding haven for small birds. This product was researched with the British Trust for Ornithology, and is a well-designed bird feeder that keeps average sized gray squirrels out yet allows chickadees, finches and other small birds in – just what you’re after!

The innovative design also keeps other predators like cats and large birds away from the seed and gives the smaller birds a safe feeding zone. Polycarbonate locking central food tube with four feeding stations is designed to hold sunflower and wild birdseed. The ‘cage’ is made with heavy-gauge powder-coated steel to ensure long life, feeding your backyard songbirds for many years to come. 12″ diameter x 11″ H. Order the Millenium Globe Squirrel Proof feeder – or check for recent reviews – by clicking here.

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The Grandview and The Evenfeed Bird Feeders – Comparison and Reviews

The Grandview Wild Bird Feeder (above left) features twelve seed ports and a clear, hexagonal feeder tube that holds more than 5 quarts of your favorite wild bird seed. You’ll be able to see, at a glance, the the seed level in the tube at all times.

Innovative design and classic styling. Plus, all the feeding ports have individual perches. May be hung with included metal bracket hanger. 7.5″ square plastic seed tray. Easy to clean and fill. Made in the USA. To learn more about the Grandview, click here.

The Evenfeed Feeder System (above right) allows you to fill less often and feed more birds. How? This isn’t like a traditional feeder. Traditional feeders dispense seed from a single cavity, reducing the number of available ports as the seed level goes down. That will decrease the number of birds you can feed at one time and may discourage them visiting your feeder regularly.

On the other hand, the Evenfeed System is composed of three separate chambers that empty equally into 12 feeding stations. This allows birds to feed at all 12 ports until the feeder empties. Easy-fill Evenfeed System allows uniform feeding. Plastic feeder disassembles for easy cleaning. Tray reduces seed waste. Drain holes keep seed and tray drier. Holds up to 8 lbs. of black oil sunflower seed or seed mix.

If you’re looking for something a little more fun and unique, you simply have to check out the Metro below!

A little upscale, a little metropolitan…Looking for something a little different? This feeder holds 2.25 pounds of seed, is made of clear, sturdy plastic and U-shaped perches provide four feeding stations for your feathered visitors. 2-in-1 ports allows for switching from mixed seed/sunflower to thistle, niger or finch mix in seconds.

The sure-Lock cap system also helps to keep the squirrels out. Measures 7 inches in length with top cap measuring 9.75 inches in diameter. Includes a sturdy wire hanger. Get your own Metro here.

Filed in: Wild Bird Feeders

The Droll Yankees Domed Cage Sunflower Wild Bird Feeder (above left) is one of the hottest selling feeders available today. The style combines a very popular tube style feeder with an 8″ diameter green wire cage that allows songbirds easy clearance through the 11/2″ openings. Keeps squirrels and large birds away from the seed. The tube is easy to remove for cleaning to maintain the health of the birds. 15″ long x 8″ wide. This model is a little more expensive than the average feeder on the market, but in my opinion it is well worth the price as you’ll enjoy it for many years. Check out the best deals here.

The second model (shown above right) is the new Feed Safe bird feeder. It allows a wide varitey of birds to feed while keeping squirrels out.

The cage feature will not allow the body of an average grey squirrel to pass through to the feed which saves you money and mess! And allows your backyard birds to feed without interruption. Order this model now… or use our handy search feature to browse other squirrel proof wild bird feeders at AttractWildBirds.com.

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The bluebird has been known over the years as the peace-harbinger. In him the celestial and terrestrial converge. But the bluebird brings more balance than that he is all that is soft, all that is color and light, and he brings with him the promise of spring in one appearance and the retreating of warm weather on the other.

If the bluebird is migratory in your region you’re likely to first spot this gorgeous splash of color on a bright March or April morning. Listening closely you’ll hear him nearby almost as a whisper, so tender and so prophetic, a hope tinged with a regret.

John Barrows said that the bluebird seemed to sing “Bermuda! Bermuda! Bermuda!” but this bird has origins not quite so south. Likely he came from Florida, the Carolinas, or Virginia.

In New England the sap starts running from the sugar maple about the time the bluebird arrives. If you’ve been wondering why I’ve only spoken of the male so far it is because the the males arrive several days before the females. By the time both arrive, they waste no time pairing and prospecting for a place to nest.

The lady bluebird comes with the sparrows, the robins, the phoebe-bird but there’s no mistaking the brilliant blue hue of the first harbingers of spring amidst the brown and gray birds.

The eastern bluebird is slightly larger than the robin. The bluebird has been nicknamed a blue robin, and the red tint on his breast is similar to the red robin, and the mannerisms and habits of the two species are also similar.

There are at least three species of the common bluebird – in New England and it’s neighbours you’ll find the blue jay and the indigo-bird, as well as the eastern bluebird. The indigo bird is the most colorful of them all. I’d be remiss to forget the blue grosbeak, not much behind the indigo in intensity of color.

Now if you live closer to the west coast of the USA or Canada, you’ll still get your own blue birds, albeit the Moutain bluebird. The mountain bluebird is a little different in voice and color.

The Western or Mountain bluebird is considered an altogether distinct species, perhaps a little more brilliant and showy than its Eastern brother; and some fanciers would state that the Mountain bluebird’s voice is more varied, sweeter, and softer. The coloration is more of a dark teal, but the easiest way to tell them apart other than location, is the shoulder of chestnut-red. (If you live even more northern than the region of the Mountain bluebird, you’ll likely find the Arctic bluebird. This bluebird has a a greenish blue on it’s chest, the wings are longer and more pointed.

Bluebird Nesting Habits

The bluebird usually builds its nest in a hole in a stump or stub, or in an old cavity excavated by a woodpecker, but its first impulse seems to be to start in the world in much more style, and the happy pair make a great show of house-hunting about farm buildings, or specifically manufactured bluebird nesting boxes set out by farmer’s wives or avid birders. When no suitable accomodations can be found however, most settle upon the old family stumps and knotholes in remote fields, and go to work in earnest.

Here so close to the ground the bluebird nesters have to worry about two primary predators – snakes and squirrels.

With bluebirds the male is useful as well as ornamental. He is the joyful companion of the female at all times, and when she nests, he feeds her regularly. But it is the female who does most of the work and nesting selection. The male bluebird does accompany her in her work, even seems to cheer her on while she brings in all the material and does all the work of building. The female bluebird enters the nest with her building material, places it, withdraws and waits outside while he goes in and looks it over. On coming out he sings to her, “Bravo!” and away the two go once more for more material.

Filed in: Bird Specific, Wild Birds